{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N01 - Anesthetics","N01A - Anesthetics, general","N01AB - Halogenated hydrocarbons","N01AB06","N01AB06 - Isoflurane","QN - Nervous system","QN01 - Anesthetics","QN01A - Anesthetics, general","QN01AB - Halogenated hydrocarbons","QN01AB06 - Isoflurane"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"In the postanesthesia period, only 0.17% of the isoflurane taken up can be recovered as urinary metabolites.","Adverse Effects":"Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome","Aliases":["1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether","Forane","2-Chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane","Forene","Aerrane","Isoflurano","Compound 469","IsoFlo","Isofluranum","Ethane, 2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-","Terrell","Compound-469","Ether, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl","2-chloro-2-difluoromethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoroethane","Dtxcid30752","CHEBI:6015","(2RS)-2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane","Fluriso","Isospire","IsoSol","Isoflurane, USP","ATTANE","N01AB06","247-897-7","R-E 235dal","Mfcd00066609","Ncgc00181037-01","AErrane","Isoba; Isofor; Isoforine; Isorrane; R-E 235da1","2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane","Cas-26675-46-7","CCRIS 3043","1-(difluoromethoxy)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane","Einecs 247-897-7","Brn 1852087","Isoflurane CRS","HSDB 8057","Compd 469","Isoflurane, AldrichCPR","Difluoromethyl 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether","Desflurane EP Impurity B","Schembl1532","CHEMBL1256","difluoromethyl 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether","GTPL2505","orb1218243","orb1306950","BDBM217353","Tox21_112685","Tox21_200831","SBB090213","Akos006228574","DB00753","FI29163","KS-5166","Msk14022-1000r","PB47772","Ncgc00181037-02","Ncgc00181037-03","Ncgc00258385-01","SY050218","AC-154802","DB-046999","Desflurane impurity b","C2485","CS-0017450","I7258","NS00014343","ST51041445","C07518","D00545","En300-123043","P15338","Sbi-0653918.0001","T19651","F004529","Sr-01000944965","Sr-01000944965-1","1-Chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-2,2,2-trifluoroethane","Brd-a31564021-001-01-8","1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluroethyl difluromethyl ether","Ethane, 1-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-2,2,2-trifluoro-","Isoflurane Solution in 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1000ug/mL","Z1201618663","(2RS)-2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane(isofluorane)"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Asthma, occupational [Category: Airway Disease]","Boiling Point":"48.5 °C","CAS":"26675-46-7","Chemical Classes":"Other Uses -\u003e Waste Anesthetic Gases","ChemicalClasses":["ether"],"Chirality":"racemic","Color/Form":"Clear, colorless liquid","DTXSID":"3020752","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /fluorine and chlorine/.","Density":"Specific gravity: 1.45 g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Anesthetics, Inhalation"],"Drug Indication":"For induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.","Drug Warnings":"Anesthetics, Inhalation","DurationOfAction":"","EliminationHalfLife":"~10 minutes","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"247-897-7","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":28,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"CYS9AKD70P"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":28,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"ISOFLURANE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":28,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Physiologic Effects [PE] - General Anesthesia"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":28,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - General Anesthetic"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":28,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-3763","Length":10,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Isoflurane"},{"Extra":"CID-3763","Length":10,"Start":62,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/isoflurane"}],"String":"Isoflurane is a General Anesthetic. The physiologic effect of isoflurane is by means of General Anesthesia."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"ISOFLURANE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"General Anesthetic [EPC]; General Anesthesia [PE]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014891","Health Effects":"May lead to cardiac arrhythmias and death (Rarely). In susceptible individuals, Isoflurane anesthesia may trigger a skeletal muscle hypermetabolic state leading to high oxygen demand and the clinical syndrome known as malignant hyperthermia. The syndrome includes nonspecific features such as muscle rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis, arrhythmias, and unstable blood pressure.(L1471)","HeavyAtomCount":10,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Anesthetics, Inhalation","IUPACName":"2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane","InChI":"InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H","InChIKey":"PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Isoflurane potentiates the muscle relaxant effect of all muscle relaxants, most notably nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, and MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) is reduced by concomitant administration of N2O.","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0011763","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0011763.html","Name":"Isoflurane","Ref":74},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":76},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":103},{"Id":"M0027998","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027998.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Inhalation","Ref":104}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0027998","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027998.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Inhalation","Ref":104}],"Mechanism of Action":"Isoflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Isoflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. Also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Isoflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.","Melting Point":"48-48.5","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Minimal","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eClF\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO","MolecularWeight":"184.49 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 4770 mg/kg","Odor":"Slight odor","Opticalactivity":"( + / - )","Pharmacodynamics":"Isoflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.","Physical Description":"Clear colorless liquid with a mild odor; [Merck Index] Musty ethereal odor; [Abbott Laboratories MSDS]","PubChemId":3763,"PubChemTitle":"Isoflurane","Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Anesthesic|Halogenated, volatile"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether","2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane","acetone","dichloroisoflurane","2,2,2-trifluoroethyl chlorodifluoromethyl ether","2-chloro-2-(chlorodifluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane"]}},"Reddit Experience Reports":[],"RefChem":"5916","RefCount":4,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoflurane","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413918","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00753","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3763","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=26675-46-7","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014891","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07518","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/CYS9AKD70P","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3020752","Name":"Isoflurane","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3763, Isoflurane. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3763\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3763\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Isoflurane. UNII: CYS9AKD70P. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/CYS9AKD70P\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/CYS9AKD70P\u003c/a\u003e","Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. March 31, 2023. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003ehttps://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"C(C(F)(F)F)(OC(F)F)Cl","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Brazil","ref":["3"],"schedule":"C1 substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"In water, 4.47X10+3 mg/L at 37 °C","Stability/Shelf Life":"Isoflurane contains no additives and has been demonstrated to be stable at room temperature for periods in excess of five years.","StereoisomerData":[{"ChemicalClasses":["ether"],"SMILES":"FC(F)O[C@H](Cl)C(F)(F)F","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 69.986 42.39\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" 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Adequate data have not been developed to establish its application in obstetrical anesthesia.","Title":"Isoflurane","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) = 15,300 ppm/3hr","Treatment":"Stop drug administration, establish a clear airway, and initiate assisted or controlled ventilation with pure oxygen. (L1712)","UNII":"CYS9AKD70P","Wikidata":"Q413918","Wikipedia":"Isoflurane","XLogP":2.1}