{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N02 - Analgesics","N02B - Other analgesics and antipyretics","N02BG - Other analgesics and antipyretics","N02BG09 - Methoxyflurane","QN - Nervous system","QN02 - Analgesics","QN02B - Other analgesics and antipyretics","QN02BG - Other analgesics and antipyretics","QN02BG09 - Methoxyflurane"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Elimination: Primary: 35% excreted unchanged by exhalation.","Adverse Effects":"Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome","Aliases":["Methoxyfluran","Penthrane","Methoflurane","Anecotan","2,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl ether","Metoxfluran","Metoxifluran","Analgizer","Inhalan","Metofane","Methoxane","Pentrane","2,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane","Methofane","Methoxiflurane","Methoxifluranum","Ingalan","Methoxyfluoran","Metoxiflurano","Methoxyfluorane","Methoxyfluranum","Metossiflurano","Ethane, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxy-","Methyl 1,1-difluoro-2,2-dichloroethyl ether","NSC-110432","Penthrox","Methoxy flurane","DA-759","CHEBI:6843","Dtxcid405556","Methofluranum","NSC110432","1,1-Difluoro-2,2-dichloroethyl methyl ether","N02BG09","200-956-0","Pentran","(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl) methyl ether","2,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethylmethylether","Ether, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl","Mfcd00040144","Ncgc00168747-01","C3H4Cl2F2O","CCRIS 5840","HSDB 7201","Einecs 200-956-0","Brn 1737766","Wln: gygxffo1","CHEMBL1341","Schembl121229","2,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane","2,1-difluoroethyl methyl ether","GTPL7234","HY-B0718","Tox21_112626","EBC-03096","SBB087860","Akos006228995","DB01028","KS-5167","Cas-76-38-0","Ether,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl","DB-019611","CS-0009624","Ethane,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxy-","NS00041004","ST51041742","2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxy-ethane","C07517","D00544","Sr-01000944693","Sr-01000944693-1","Brd-k06152156-001-01-8","Z1201617823"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Solvents, acute toxic effect [Category: Acute Poisoning]","Boiling Point":"220.3 °","CAS":"76-38-0","Chemical Classes":"Other Uses -\u003e Waste Anesthetic Gases","ChemicalClasses":["ether"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Liquid","DTXSID":"7025556","Density":"1.426 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Indication":"For use in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia","Drug Warnings":"Inhalation anesthetics cross the placenta. Risk-benefit must be considered because studies (by retrospective survey) of operating room personnel chronically exposed to low concentrations of inhalation anesthetics indicate that pregnancies in female personnel and wives of male personnel may be subject to an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and possibly birth defects . However, the methods used in obtaining and interpreting the data in these studies have been questioned. /Inhalation anesthetics/","DurationOfAction":"Typically up - 30 – 60 minutes depending on the frequency of breaths","EliminationHalfLife":"","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-956-0","Flash Point":"145 °F (NTP, 1992)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0015162","Health Effects":"Detrimental effects on the kidneys. [Wikipedia]","HeavyAtomCount":8,"Human Drugs":"FDA approved drugs -\u003e Active ingredient","IUPACName":"2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane","InChI":"InChI=1S/C3H4Cl2F2O/c1-8-3(6,7)2(4)5/h2H,1H3","InChIKey":"RFKMCNOHBTXSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"/Other nephrotoxic agents/ may increase the risk of severe nephrotoxicity if administered prior to, during, or following administration of methoxyflurane; concurrent or sequential use is generally not recommended.","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0013605","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0013605.html","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Ref":60},{"Id":"M0351783","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0351783.html","Name":"Penthrane","Ref":62},{"Id":"M0351784","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0351784.html","Name":"Anecotan","Ref":63},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":64},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":87},{"Id":"M0027998","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027998.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Inhalation","Ref":88}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0027998","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027998.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Inhalation","Ref":88}],"Mechanism of Action":"Methoxyflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Methoxyflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Methoxyflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.","Melting Point":"-31 °F (NTP, 1992)","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Hepatic.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO","MolecularWeight":"164.96 g/mol","Odor":"Fruity","Pharmacodynamics":"Methoxyflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.","Physical Description":"Methoxyflurane is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet fruity odor. (NTP, 1992)","PubChemId":4116,"PubChemTitle":"Methoxyflurane","Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"Reddit Experience Reports":[],"RefChem":"57606","RefCount":5,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxyflurane","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411594","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB01028","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4116","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=76-38-0","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015162","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07517","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/30905R8O7B","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7025556","Name":"Methoxyflurane","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4116, Methoxyflurane. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4116\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4116\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Methoxyflurane. UNII: 30905R8O7B. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/30905R8O7B\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/30905R8O7B\u003c/a\u003e","Penthrox methoxyflurane inhalation bottle (43144). August 12, 2022. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/43144\u003ehttps://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/43144\u003c/a\u003e","Penthrox (311927). August 12, 2022. Accessed August 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/311927\u003ehttps://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/311927\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"COC(C(Cl)Cl)(F)F","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","ref":["3","4"],"schedule":"S4 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","ref":[],"schedule":"C1 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 59.816 40.747\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#1ff01f\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".8\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h60v41H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m58.71 14.735-9.59 5.537M41.904 20.272l-9.59-5.537M32.314 14.735l-13.199 7.62M19.115 22.355 7.609 15.712M19.115 22.355v11.024M32.314 14.735l7.329-8.736M32.314 14.735l-8.106-9.66\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M45.515 20.31q-.738 0-1.173.554-.429.547-.429 1.494 0 .946.429 1.494.435.548 1.173.548t1.167-.548q.428-.548.428-1.494 0-.947-.428-1.494-.429-.554-1.167-.554m0-.548q1.053 0 1.679.709.631.702.631 1.887 0 1.179-.631 1.887-.626.702-1.679.702-1.054 0-1.685-.702-.631-.703-.631-1.887t.631-1.887q.631-.709 1.685-.709\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M4.59 12.726v.714q-.339-.321-.726-.476-.387-.161-.822-.161-.857 0-1.315.524-.453.524-.453 1.518 0 .988.453 1.512.458.524 1.315.524.435 0 .822-.155.387-.161.726-.476v.702q-.357.244-.756.364-.393.119-.833.119-1.137 0-1.792-.691-.649-.697-.649-1.899 0-1.209.649-1.899.655-.697 1.792-.697.446 0 .839.119.399.12.75.358m1.02-.596h.614v5.209H5.61zM21.13 35.478v.715q-.339-.322-.726-.476-.387-.161-.821-.161-.858 0-1.316.524-.452.524-.452 1.518 0 .988.452 1.512.458.524 1.316.524.434 0 .821-.155.387-.161.726-.476v.702q-.357.244-.756.363-.393.119-.833.119-1.137 0-1.792-.69-.649-.697-.649-1.899 0-1.209.649-1.899.655-.697 1.792-.697.446 0 .839.119.399.119.75.357m1.021-.595h.613v5.209h-.613z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#90e050\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M40.672.56h2.875v.571h-2.196v1.471h1.982v.571h-1.982v2.388h-.679zM21.08.56h2.875v.572h-2.197v1.47h1.983v.571h-1.983v2.388h-.678z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m49.12 20.272 4.795-2.769M41.904 20.272l-4.795-2.769\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#1ff01f\" d=\"m7.609 15.712 5.753 3.322M19.115 33.379v-5.512\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#90e050\" d=\"m39.643 5.999-3.665 4.368M24.208 5.075l4.053 4.83\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Therapeutic Uses":"Anesthetic (inhalation).","Title":"Methoxyflurane","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) = 33,500 mg/m3/4h","UNII":"30905R8O7B","Wikidata":"Q411594","Wikipedia":"Methoxyflurane","XLogP":2.2}